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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	meridian: initial	首子午线，起始子午线，本初子午线	A MERIDIAN through the ORIGIN of a system of GRID COORDINATES and used as y-AXIS of the system. Also called central meridian.	通过格网坐标系的原点并用作坐标系Y轴的经线。也称为central meridian（中央子午线）。
	meridian: local	地方子午线	The MERIDIAN through any particular place or observer, serving as the reference for LOCAL TIME, in contrast with GREENWICH MERIDIAN.	指通过任何特定的地点或观测者所在子午线作为地方时基准，与格林尼治子午线相对应。
	meridian: magnetic	磁子午线	A line of horizontal magnetic force of the EARTH. The vertical plane in which a freely suspended, symmetrically magnetized NEEDLE, influen... more A line of horizontal magnetic force of the EARTH. The vertical plane in which a freely suspended, symmetrically magnetized NEEDLE, influenced by no transient, artificial, magnetic disturbance, will come to rest.	地球的水平磁力线。在其铅垂面内无瞬变人工磁扰影响下，自由悬挂且匀称磁化的针将会逐渐静止。
	meridian: photograph	像片主纵线	In PHOTOGRAMMETRY, the IMAGE on a PHOTOGRAPH of any horizontal line in the object space which is parallel to the PRINCIPAL PLANE. Since all... more In PHOTOGRAMMETRY, the IMAGE on a PHOTOGRAPH of any horizontal line in the object space which is parallel to the PRINCIPAL PLANE. Since all such lines meet at infinity, the IMAGE of the meeting point is at the intersection of the PRINCIPAL LINE and the HORIZON TRACE, and all photograph meridians pass through that point.	在摄影测量学中，指物方空间中平行于（航摄）主平面的任何像水平线的图像。因为所有这些线相交于无穷远，其交点图像必在主纵线与像片地平线交会处，因而全部像（片）主纵线都通过那个点。
	meridian: prime	本初子午线	The MERIDIAN of LONGITUDE 0°, used as the origin for measurement of LONGITUDE. The MERIDIAN of Greenwich, England, is almost universally use... more The MERIDIAN of LONGITUDE 0°, used as the origin for measurement of LONGITUDE. The MERIDIAN of Greenwich, England, is almost universally used for this purpose.	指经度为0°、用作经度测量原点的子午线。目前，普遍使用英国格林威治子午线作为本初子午线。
	meridian: principal	NULL	(U.S. terminology). A true north-south line (a MERIDIAN) extending both north and south of the INITIAL POINT in the rectangular system of SU... more (U.S. terminology). A true north-south line (a MERIDIAN) extending both north and south of the INITIAL POINT in the rectangular system of SURVEYS. Together with the BASE LINE they constitute the axes of a system and the INITIAL POINT the ORIGIN of that system. See PRINCIPAL LINE.	NULL
	meridian: standard	标准经线	The MERIDIAN used for reckoning STANDARD TIME. A MERIDIAN of a map projection, along which the SCALE is as stated.	指用于计算标准时间的子午线。指地图投影的经线，沿该线上投影比例尺是固定的，没有任何变形。
	meridian: terrestrial	天文子午线；地球子午线	See MERIDIAN: ASTRONOMICAL.	指地球表面上有相同天文经度的各点连线。因为所有各点的垂线偏差不一样，天文子午线是不位于单一平面内的不规则线，亦称terrestrial meridian。
	meridian: true	真子午线	A MERIDIAN. The expression is used to distinguish the GREAT CIRCLE through the GEOGRAPHICAL POLES from MAGNETIC MERIDIAN, COMPASS MERIDIAN, ... more A MERIDIAN. The expression is used to distinguish the GREAT CIRCLE through the GEOGRAPHICAL POLES from MAGNETIC MERIDIAN, COMPASS MERIDIAN, or GRID MERIDIAN.	指大圆通过地理极的子午线，用来区别磁子午线，磁罗经子午线或坐标网纵线。
	meridian: zone	时区子午线	The MERIDIAN used for reckoning ZONE TIME.	用于计算区时的子午线坐标格网中每区的中央经线。
	meridian altitude	中天高度	See ALTITUDE.	天体经过观测者天球子午圈时的高度。
	meridian angle	子午角	ANGULAR DISTANCE east or west of the local CELESTIAL MERIDIAN; the arc of the CELESTIAL EQUATOR, or the angle at the CELESTIAL POLE, between... more ANGULAR DISTANCE east or west of the local CELESTIAL MERIDIAN; the arc of the CELESTIAL EQUATOR, or the angle at the CELESTIAL POLE, between the UPPER BRANCH of the local CELESTIAL MERIDIAN and the HOUR CIRCLE of a CELESTIAL BODY, measured eastward or westward from the local CELESTIAL MERIDIAN through 180°, and labelled E or W to indicate the direction of measurement. See HOUR ANGLE.	地方天球子午圈的东角距或西角距。地方天球上子午圈和天体时圈之间所夹天球赤道的弧长或天极的角。以地方天球子午圈向东或向西0-180°量测，并用E（东）或W（西）标明测量的方向。参见hour angle（时角）。
	meridian-arc method	弧度测量法	A method of determining the dimensions of the ELLIPSOID by measuring (by TRIANGULATION) the linear distances between three points on a MER... more A method of determining the dimensions of the ELLIPSOID by measuring (by TRIANGULATION) the linear distances between three points on a MERIDIAN and the ANGULAR DISTANCES between them from observed differences in their ASTRONOMICAL LATITUDES.	通过三角测量得到子午圈上的三点间直线距离以及通过测量此三点天文纬度差而得出的三点间角距来测定椭球体尺寸的方法。
	meridian distance	子午距；点的纵坐标	In ASTRONOMY, the HOUR ANGLE of a CELESTIAL BODY when close to but not exactly on the ASTRONOMICAL MERIDIAN. In PLANE SURVEYING, the perpend... more In ASTRONOMY, the HOUR ANGLE of a CELESTIAL BODY when close to but not exactly on the ASTRONOMICAL MERIDIAN. In PLANE SURVEYING, the perpendicular distance in a horizontal plane of a point from a MERIDIAN of reference.	在天文学中，指天体接近天文子午线但恰好并不在其上时的时角。在平面测量学中，指从基准子午线到某点所在水平面的垂直距离。
	meridian distance: double	NULL	The algebraic sum of the perpendicular distances from the two ends of any line of a TRAVERSE to the initial, or reference, meridian.	NULL
	meridian passage	中天	See MERIDIAN TRANSIT.	参见meridian transit（中天）。
	meridian sailing	子午线航法	See SAILING.	真航向为0°或180°，即沿某一经线航行。
	meridian telescope	子午仪	See TELESCOPE.	沿着垂直圈观察时总是位于子午面内的望远镜。
	meridian transit	中天	The apparent passage of a CELESTIAL BODY across a CELESTIAL MERIDIAN. Upper or superior transit is the passage across the UPPER BRANCH of th... more The apparent passage of a CELESTIAL BODY across a CELESTIAL MERIDIAN. Upper or superior transit is the passage across the UPPER BRANCH of the CELESTIAL MERIDIAN. Lower or inferior transit is the passage across the LOWER BRANCH. The lower transit may take place either above the HORIZON as is the case of CIRCUMPOLAR CELESTIAL BODIES, or across that branch of the MERIDIAN lying below the observer's HORIZON. Also called TRANSIT, meridian passage, CULMINATION.	指天体经过天球子午圈的视通过点。上中天指经过天球上子午圈的通过点。下中天指经过下半子午圈的通过点。下中天可能出现在地平线以上，如极地附近的天体；或观测者地平线以下。亦称transit, meridian passage, culmination（中天）。
	meridional difference	纬差	The difference between the MERIDIONAL PARTS of any two given PARALLELS.	任意两条纬线的渐长纬度差。
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