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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid	通用横轴墨卡托投影格网	See GRID.	在地球北纬80度至南纬80度之间区域采用横轴墨卡托投影的一种制图格网系统。
	unprotected reversing thermometer	无保护颠倒温度计，开管颠倒温度表	See THERMOMETER.	未加防流体静压装置的颠倒温度计。与闭管海水温度计一起使用，可确定测温深度。
	unrecoverable station	不可恢复站	See STATION.	不能找到，且不能与新的基准进行三角测量联测的三角测站。
	unsurveyed area	未测区	An area where HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY data is non-existent.	不存在海道测量数据的区域。
	unsurveyed clearance depth	未测安全深度	The estimated depth over an unsurveyed wreck or obstruction over which the exact depth is unknown but which is considered to have a safe cle... more The estimated depth over an unsurveyed wreck or obstruction over which the exact depth is unknown but which is considered to have a safe clearance to the depth shown.	对未测失事船只或障碍物的估计深度，其准确深度并不知道，但可以认为是安全净深。
	upland	高地，旱地	The higher GROUND of a region contrasted with the VALLEYS and PLAINS. Used in contrast to LOWLAND.	某一地区的较高地面，与山谷、平原有别。反义词是lowland（低洼地）。
	uplifted reef	干出礁	A CORAL REEF exposed above water level.	露出水面的珊瑚礁。
	upper branch	上（半）子午圈	That half of a MERIDIAN or CELESTIAL MERIDIAN from POLE to POLE which passes through a place or its ZENITH.	穿过某地或其天顶从地球一极至另一极子午圈或天球子午圈的一半。
	upper culmination	上中天	Upper TRANSIT.	参见Upper transit（上中天）。
	upper limb	上边缘	See LIMB.	测角仪器的刻度部分，如航海六分仪的度盘附有高程分划尺等。天体的圆形外缘，其最大高度的一半称上边缘，其最小高度的一半称下边缘。
	upper limit of navigability	适航性上限	The character of a river will, at some point along its length, change from navigable to non‑navigable. Very often that point will be at a ma... more The character of a river will, at some point along its length, change from navigable to non‑navigable. Very often that point will be at a major fall or rapids, or other place where there is a marked decrease in the navigable capacity of the river. The upper limit will therefore often be the same point traditionally recognized as the head of navigation, but may, under some of the tests described above, be at some point yet farther upstream.	沿河道的一些点；在这些点处河道由适航变为不适航。这些点多在大型瀑布或湍流处，或适航性明显降低的地方。上限点常与传统的航行起始点重合，但据以上观点，这些点也可能是更远处的上游点。
	upper transit	上中天	See MERIDIAN TRANSIT.	指天体在天球子午圈的视通过。上中天是穿过天球子午圈上半子午圈的通过。下中天是穿过下半子午圈的通过。下中天或许发生在地线上，如极地附近的天体；或许穿行位于观测者地平下的子午圈。亦称transit、 meridian passage、culmination。
	uprush	浪花上冲	The rush of water up onto the BEACH following the breaking of a WAVE. See RUN-UP.	浪涌后水冲上海滩。
	upstream	向上游的，上游地	(adj. & adv.). Toward the SOURCE of a STREAM. The opposite is DOWNSTREAM.	指向河流的源头。反义词是downstream（顺流的）。
	upwelling	上涌，上升流	The process by which water rises from a lower to a higher DEPTH, usually as a result of DIVERGENCE and offshore CURRENTS. See SINKING.	水由浅处向深处涌起，常由水流辐散及沿岸流造成。
	upwind	上风的，逆风地	(adj. & adv.). In the direction from which the WIND is blowing. The opposite is DOWNWIND.	风刮来的方向。反义词是downwind（顺风）。
	vacuum lead	真空导管	A CORER which makes use of HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE to force a tube into the BOTTOM SEDIMENT.	一种岩芯提取设备，可利用流体静压力将其管子打入底层沉淀物内，以提取岩芯。
	valley	谷，凹地	A long DEPRESSION or hollow in the LAND lying between HILLS or stretches of high GROUND and usually having a RIVER or STREAM flowing along t... more A long DEPRESSION or hollow in the LAND lying between HILLS or stretches of high GROUND and usually having a RIVER or STREAM flowing along the bottom.	山或连绵高地间的凹陷或凹地，其底部常有河流或溪流流过。
	valley: median	中央裂谷	See MEDIAN VALLEY.	洋中脊轴部的坳陷。参见rift（断裂）。
	valley: submarine	海底山谷	A relatively shallow wide DEPRESSION, the bottom of which usually has a continuous GRADIENT. This term is generally not used for features th... more A relatively shallow wide DEPRESSION, the bottom of which usually has a continuous GRADIENT. This term is generally not used for features that have CANYON-like characteristics for a significant portion of their extent.	一种较浅、坡度变化较缓的宽凹陷地，其底部逐步向下延伸。本词用于描述广义上的无峡谷特性地形。
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