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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	convergence of the meridians	子午线收敛角	The angular drawing together of the GEOGRAPHIC MERIDIANS in passing from the EQUATOR to the POLES. The difference between the two angles fo... more The angular drawing together of the GEOGRAPHIC MERIDIANS in passing from the EQUATOR to the POLES. The difference between the two angles formed by the intersection of a GREAT CIRCLE with two MERIDIANS. The difference between the RECIPROCAL BEARINGS of two points. At any point of a cartographic PROJECTION, the angle between the MERIDIAN, as represented on the plane of the PROJECTION and GRID in use, and the GRID NORTH line.	1.地理子午线经赤道相交于两极所形成的夹角。 2.大圆与两条经线相交所形成的两角角度差。 3.两个点反方向角的角度差。 4.对于制图投影平面上的任何点，子午线与坐标北方向之间的夹角。
	convergence zone	辐合区；会聚区	In OCEANOGRAPHY, region of CONVERGENCE. The region in the deep OCEAN where SOUND RAYS, refracted from the DEPTHS, arrive at the surface in s... more In OCEANOGRAPHY, region of CONVERGENCE. The region in the deep OCEAN where SOUND RAYS, refracted from the DEPTHS, arrive at the surface in successive intervals of 30 to 35 NAUTICAL MILES.	在海洋学中，指会聚区域。该区域位于深海中某一深度，声音通过该深度折射后可到达30至50海里的海洋表面。
	conversion	变换，换算	Determination of the rhumb line direction of one point from another when the initial great circle direction is known, or vice versa.	当已知初始大圆方向时，确定一点到另一点的恒向线方向。反之亦然。
	conversion angle	转换角，大圆改正量，半收敛差	See ARC TO CHORD CORRECTION.	参见arc to chord correction（大圆改正）。
	conversion factor	转换因子，转换系数，换算系数	That factor by which the numerical value made in one system of units must be multiplied to arrive at the numerical value in another system o... more That factor by which the numerical value made in one system of units must be multiplied to arrive at the numerical value in another system of units.	一个系统中的数字值换算到另一系统中需要倍乘的因子。
	conversion scale	换算比例	A SCALE for the conversion of units of one measurement to equivalent units of another measurement. See NOMOGRAM.	一种度量单位换算成另一种等效的度量单位时需要的换算比例。参见nomogram（列线图）。
	conversion table	换算表	A TABLE for the conversion of units of one measurement to equivalent units of another measurement. See NOMOGRAM.	一种度量单位换算为另一种等效度量单位时需要的换算表。参见nomogram（列线图）。
	coordinate axes	坐标轴	See COORDINATES: PLANE RECTANGULAR.	参见plane rectangular coordinates（平面直角坐标）。
	coordinated universal time (UTC)	协调世界时	See UNIVERSAL TIME COORDINATED.	UTC。参见universal time coordinated（协调世界时）。
	coordinates	坐标	Linear or angular quantities which designate the POSITION of a point in relation to a given reference system.	确定相对于制定基准系统的点的位置的线性值或角度值。
	coordinates: celestial	天球坐标	Any set of COORDINATES used to define a point on the CELESTIAL SPHERE. The HORIZON, CELESTIAL EQUATOR and ECLIPTIC SYSTEMS of celestial coor... more Any set of COORDINATES used to define a point on the CELESTIAL SPHERE. The HORIZON, CELESTIAL EQUATOR and ECLIPTIC SYSTEMS of celestial coordinates are based on the CELESTIAL HORIZON, CELESTIAL EQUATOR and ECLIPTIC respectively, as the PRIMARY GREAT CIRCLE.	用于定义天球上点位置的任意一种坐标。天球坐标的地平、赤道、黄道坐标分别以真地平、天球赤道和黄道为基本圈。
	coordinates: false	伪坐标	GRID COORDINATES obtained by adding fixed numerical quantities to all grid values. These quantities are so large that none of the resultant ... more GRID COORDINATES obtained by adding fixed numerical quantities to all grid values. These quantities are so large that none of the resultant false coordinates are negative. Such a procedure introduces a false origin to the south and west of the true ORIGIN. See COORDINATES: ORIGIN OF.	所有的格网坐标值加上某一固定数值所得的格网坐标。所加的固定数值很大以致于所有的伪坐标都是正的。这个过程引入了伪原点。参见origin of coordinates（坐标原点）。
	coordinates: geocentric	地心坐标	COORDINATES that define the POSITION of a point with respect to the centre of the EARTH. See LATITUDE: GEOCENTRIC. The term 'geocentric long... more COORDINATES that define the POSITION of a point with respect to the centre of the EARTH. See LATITUDE: GEOCENTRIC. The term 'geocentric longitude' is never used, as the quantity which it would designate is the same as GEODETIC LONGITUDE.	以地球中心为基点确定的点位坐标。参见geocentric latitude（地心纬度）。术语geocentric longitude（地心经度）从不使用，因为它定义的值和大地经度相同。
	coordinates: geodetic	大地坐标	Quantities which define the horizontal POSITION of a point on the SPHEROID OF REFERENCE with respect to the planes of GEODETIC EQUATOR and o... more Quantities which define the horizontal POSITION of a point on the SPHEROID OF REFERENCE with respect to the planes of GEODETIC EQUATOR and of a selected GEODETIC MERIDIAN. See LATITUDE: GEODETIC and LONGITUDE: GEODETIC.	在参考椭球面上，以大地赤道面和选取的某一个大地子午面为基准确定点的水平位置的一组量。参见geodetic latitude（大地纬度）和geodetic longitude（大地经度）。
	coordinates: geographic(al)	地理坐标	A system of SPHERICAL COORDINATES for defining the POSITIONS of points on the EARTH.	一种确定地球上点位的球面坐标系统。
	coordinates: grid	平面直角坐标	A plane rectangular coordinate system based on, and mathematically adjusted to, a MAP PROJECTION, so that GEOGRAPHIC POSITIONS in terms of L... more A plane rectangular coordinate system based on, and mathematically adjusted to, a MAP PROJECTION, so that GEOGRAPHIC POSITIONS in terms of LATITUDE and LONGITUDE can be readily transformed into PLANE COORDINATES, and the computation relating to them made by the ordinary methods of PLANE SURVEYING.	建立在地图投影基础之上并经数学调整的平面直角坐标系统。这样用经、纬度表示的地理位置能够迅速转换为平面坐标，并且用平面测量的普通方法能够迅速地进行有关坐标的计算。
	coordinates: origin of	NULL	The point of intersection of the COORDINATE AXES, from which the COORDINATES are reckoned. In mathematical treaties, this ORIGIN is usually ... more The point of intersection of the COORDINATE AXES, from which the COORDINATES are reckoned. In mathematical treaties, this ORIGIN is usually given the COORDINATES 0,0; in SURVEYING, however, it is standard practice to give this ORIGIN, COORDINATES having large positive numerical values, thereby avoiding the use of negative COORDINATES. Also called point of origin. See COORDINATES: FALSE.	NULL
	coordinates: photograph	像片坐标	A system of COORDINATES, either RECTANGULAR or POLAR, to define the POSITION of a point on a PHOTOGRAPH.	确定像片上点位的一种坐标系统，它可以是直角坐标，也可以是极坐标。
	coordinates: plane	平面坐标	See COORDINATES: PLANE RECTANGULAR.	参见plane rectangular coordinates（平面直角坐标）。
	coordinates: plane polar	平面极坐标	The distance and DIRECTION from a central point of reference to a point whose POSITION is being defined. The point of reference is termed th... more The distance and DIRECTION from a central point of reference to a point whose POSITION is being defined. The point of reference is termed the POLE or ORIGIN; the line (distance) connecting the ORIGIN with the point whose POSITION is being defined is the radius vector; and the angle between the fixed line (POLAR AXIS) which the DIRECTION is referred to and the radius vector is the vectorial angle.	自中心基准点至要确定位置的点的距离和方向。这个基准点称为“极”或“原点”；原点与要确定位置的点的连线（距离）称为矢径；一条作为方向基准的固定线称为“极轴”；极轴与矢径的夹角称为“极角”。
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