Chinese English

A relatively smooth, fan-like depositional feature normally sloping away from the outer termina­tion of a CANYON or canyon system. Also called CONE.

SEA ICE which remains fast, generally in the position where originally formed, and which may attain a considerable thickness. It is found along COASTS, where it is attached to the SHORE, or over SHOALS, where it may be held in position by ISLANDS, grounded ICEBERGS or grounded polar ice.

The name originally given to a multiple mirage phenome­non often observed over the Straits of Messina, and supposed to be the work of the faity (in Italian: fata) Morgana; later, it was applied to any impressive multiple MIRAGE.

In GEOLOGY, a break of shear in the EARTH's CRUST with an observable displace­ment between the two sides of the break, and parallel to the plane of the break.

Facilitates and promotes the collection of observations, information and statistics in the field of astronomical and geophysical sciences. The Interna­tional Time Bureau is one of the services.

A device let down between the side of a ship or a WHARF or other ship to protect from chafing when ships are lying alongside or to take the shock of a bump when going al­ongside.

An area of the sea surface over which SEAS are generated by a WIND having a constant direction and SPEED. The length of the generating area, measured in the direction of the WIND in which the SEAS are generated.

In PHOTO­GRAMMETRY, INDEX MARKS, usual­ly four, which are rigidly connected with the camera lens through the camera body and which form IMAGES on the NEGATIVE and usually define the PRINCIPAL POINT of the PHOTOGRAPH. Also marks, usually four in number, in any instru­ment, which define the axes whose intersection fixes the PRINCIPAL POINT of a PHOTO­GRAPH and fulfills the requirements of INTERIOR ORIENTATION. In SURVEYING, an index line or point. A line or point used as a basis of reference.

在摄影测量中，一种指示标志，通常有四个，用来确定像片的像主点位置。框标通过摄影机机体（在底片上形成影像）同摄影机镜头严密地连接在一起。也指任何设备中的标志，通常有四个，用来确定平面坐标轴。平面坐标轴的交点确定了像主点的位置，满足了内定向要求。在测量中，某一用作参考基础的标志线或者点。

(British terminology). Wooden board, or zinc or plastic sheet, used by HYDROGRAPHERS and land surveyors for plotting and recording the details of the SURVEY in the field. Separate boards are usually prepared for TOPOGRAPHY and SOUNDING respectively. The former are referred to as topography boards; the latter as sounding boards. See also BOAT SHEET, and PLANE TABLE.