Chinese English

Persistent WINDS, mainly in the lower ATMOSPHERE, which blow over vast regions from a subtropi­cal ANTICYCLONE toward the equatorial regions. The predominant directions of the trade winds are from NE in the northern hemisphere and from SE in the southern hemisphere.

An area within defined limits in which one-way traffic is established. Natural obstacles, including those forming separation zones, may consti­tute a boundary.

The curved path of something hurtling through space. In METEOROLOGY, curve traced by the successive positi­ons of a moving particle of air. Curve traced by the successive positions of the centre of a selected synop­tic system, such as a DEPRESSION. In OCEANOGRAPHY, the path followed by moving water particles. In electronics the path followed by electrons emana­ting from the cathode as in an electron tube.

A TRANSDUCER that depends for its operation on the interac­tion between the magne­tiza­tion and the deformation of a material having magnetostric­tive properties.

In PHOTO­GRAMMETRY, the process of projecting a PHOTOGRAPH (mathematically, graphically, or photographically) from its plane onto another plane by translation, rotation, and/or scale change. The projection is made onto a plane deter­mined by the angular rela­tions of the camera axes and not necessa­rily onto a horizontal plane. See also RECTIFICATION.

A specially designed projection printer of fixed geometry used for transforming the oblique components of a coupled camera installation, a MULTIPLE-LENS CAMERA, or a panoramic camera onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of the system.

An area designated for transfer of cargo from one vessel to another sometimes in order to reduce a vessel’s DRAUGHT. Also called cargo transfer area or cargo transhipment area.

In ASTRONOMY, the apparent passage of a STAR or other CELESTIAL BODY across a defined line of the CELESTIAL SPHERE, as a MERIDIAN, PRIME VERTICAL, or ALMUCANTAR. When no line is specified, a transit across the MERIDIAN is usually intended. See MERIDIAN TRANSIT. The apparent passage of a STAR or other CELESTIAL BODY across a line in the RETICLE of a TELESCOPE, or some LINE OF SIGHT. The apparent passage of a smaller CELESTIAL BODY across the disk of a larger CELES­TIAL BODY. A surveying instrument composed of a HORIZONTAL CIRCLE graduated in circular measure and an ALIDADE with a TELESCOPE which can be reversed in its supports without being lifted therefrom. Also, the act of making such a reversal. A THEODOLITE having a TELESCO­PE that can be transited in its supports is a transit, and is sometimes termed a transit theodolite. All modern THEODOLITES are transits. An astronomical instrument having a TELESCOPE which can be so adjusted in position that the LINE OF SIGHT may be made to define a VERTICAL CIRCLE. A transit used in astronomical work is usually termed either an astro­nomic­(al) transit or a transit instrument. In NAVIGATION, the position of two distant, fixed objects when they are in line to an observer; the line passing through them and the observer being a LINE OF POSITION. See also RANGE.

天文学中某星体或其他天体经过天球的某一特定线，如子午圈、卯圈或地平纬圈的视通过。不指明特定线时，通常以经过子午圈为中天。某星体或其他天体经过望远镜十字丝或视准线的视通过。某较小天体经过较大天体视面的视通过。一种由带有圆形刻度的水平度盘和带有望远镜的照准部组成的测量仪器，该望远镜可在支架原位倒转。亦指这种倒转性能。在其支架上装有可纵转测量望远镜的经纬仪即是中星仪，亦称转镜经纬仪。所有现代经纬仪均是转镜经纬仪。一种有望远镜的天文仪器，在调整到适当位置后，其视准线可用来确定垂直圈。航海中指当两个较远的固定物标位于一条线上时它们相对于观测者的位置。这条线经过了这两个物标，并且测者也在位置线上。

A precise astronomic TRANSIT or THEODOLITE in which the light passing through the OBJECTIVE LENS is reflected through a right angle by a prism placed in the HORIZONTAL AXIS. This hollow axis is continued beyond the supports, and the EYEPIECE is fitted at one end.