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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	settlement	船体坐沉	The general lowering in level of a moving vessel, relative to what its level would be were it motionless. Settlement is due to the regional ... more The general lowering in level of a moving vessel, relative to what its level would be were it motionless. Settlement is due to the regional depression of the surface of the water in which the ship moves. It is not an increase in displacement. Settlement is a factor to be reckoned in ECHO SOUNDING.	运动船只水平的普遍下沉，这种沉降是相对于其静止时的水平线而言。船体坐沉的原因是由于船所行驶水面的局部压力，而不是实际吃水量增加造成的。在回声测深中，船体坐沉是一个要考虑的误差改正因素。
	sexagesimal	六十进位（制）	An angular division whereby a circle is divided in 360 equal parts called degrees. A degree is divided in 60 minutes and one minute in 60 se... more An angular division whereby a circle is divided in 360 equal parts called degrees. A degree is divided in 60 minutes and one minute in 60 seconds.	以一个圆周分为360等份的角度划分称为度，1度分为60分，1分分为60秒。
	sextant	六分仪	A double-reflecting instrument for measuring angles, primarily ALTITUDES of CELESTIAL BODIES. The sextant has an arc of 60°, a sixth of a ci... more A double-reflecting instrument for measuring angles, primarily ALTITUDES of CELESTIAL BODIES. The sextant has an arc of 60°, a sixth of a circle, from which it derives its name, and a RANGE of 120°. In modern practice the term also applies to a similar instrument, regardless of its RANGE. See also OCTANT, QUADRANT and QUINTANT.	双反射型光学测角仪器。主要用于观测天体高度。其分度弧长为圆周长的六分之一，即60°，因此得名。六分仪测角范围为120°。现在，这个名称也用于一种不考虑测角范围的类似仪器。
	sextant: air	航空六分仪	A SEXTANT designed primarily for AIR NAVIGATION. Air sextants are generally provided with some form of ARTIFICIAL HORIZON.	为航空导航设计的六分仪。一般装配有人造地平结构。
	sextant: bubble	气泡六分仪	A SEXTANT with a bubble or SPIRIT LEVEL to indicate the horizontal.	装有气泡或水准器用以指示水平的六分仪。
	sextant: gyro	陀螺六分仪	A SEXTANT provided with a GYROSCOPE to indicate the horizontal.	装有陀螺仪的六分仪，以指示水平。
	sextant: hydrographic	海道测量六分仪	See SEXTANT: SOUNDING.	参见sounding sextant（测深六分仪）。
	sextant: marine	航海六分仪	A SEXTANT designed primarily for MARINE NAVIGATION.	主要为海上导航设计的六分仪。
	sextant: pendulum	锤摆六分仪，摆动六分仪	A SEXTANT provided with a PENDULUM to indicate the horizontal.	装有摆锤以指示水平的六分仪。
	sextant: sounding	NULL	(British terminology). A simplified and more robustly constructed version of the marine sextant intended primarily for use in HYDROGRAPHIC S... more (British terminology). A simplified and more robustly constructed version of the marine sextant intended primarily for use in HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY. It has no SHADES, a wide angle low magnification telescope and is generally graduated in MINUTES of arc. It may be fitted with either a VERNIER or a MICROMETER reading device. Both mirrors are silvered all over to enable angles up to 180° to be measured. Some sounding sextants have a 90° prism attachment which reflects the normal direct LINE OF SIGHT 90° to the left. Called surveying sextant, or hydrographic sextant in U.S. terminology.	NULL
	sextant: surveying	测量六分仪	See SEXTANT: SOUNDING.	一种主要供海道测量使用的，结构简单且坚固的航海六分仪，没有遮光罩，有一个广角、低倍率放大望远镜，其圆弧刻度一般以分为单位。常配有游标或测微装置。两个镀银反射镜可使量测角度达到180°。一些水深测量六分仪装有90°角棱镜，用以反射90°法线视准线至左侧。美国术语称作surveyin... more 一种主要供海道测量使用的，结构简单且坚固的航海六分仪，没有遮光罩，有一个广角、低倍率放大望远镜，其圆弧刻度一般以分为单位。常配有游标或测微装置。两个镀银反射镜可使量测角度达到180°。一些水深测量六分仪装有90°角棱镜，用以反射90°法线视准线至左侧。美国术语称作surveying sextant, 或 hydrographic sextant 。
	sextant adjustment	六分仪校正	The process of checking the ACCURACY of a SEXTANT and removing or reducing its ERROR.	检验六分仪的精度，消除或减少六分仪误差的过程。
	sextant altitude	六分仪高度	See under ALTITUDE.	在进行改正之前六分仪所指示的高度。
	sextant altitude correction	六分仪高度改正	Any of several CORRECTIONS applied to a SEXTANT ALTITUDE in the process of converting it to TRUE ALTITUDE.	将六分仪高度化为真高时，在六分仪高度上所加的各种改正。
	sextant chart	六分仪定位图板	See CIRCLE SHEET.	绘有多组相交曲线的一种测量图板。图板上的每条曲线相当于两站间某一角度的轨迹。在海道测量中使用这种图板不用分度规就可标出定位点。其方法是先用内插法在曲线之间求出每一测角所对应的轨迹，然后在两轨迹的交点处标出船位。以前称为六分仪定位图板。亦见fixed angle plot（定角标示... more 绘有多组相交曲线的一种测量图板。图板上的每条曲线相当于两站间某一角度的轨迹。在海道测量中使用这种图板不用分度规就可标出定位点。其方法是先用内插法在曲线之间求出每一测角所对应的轨迹，然后在两轨迹的交点处标出船位。以前称为六分仪定位图板。亦见fixed angle plot（定角标示法）。
	sextant error	六分仪（读数）误差	See ERROR.	六分仪由于未作适当的改正或者由于产品本身的缺陷所产生的读数误差。
	sextometer method	六分仪导线法	A substitute for PLANE TABLE TRAVERSE for short distances in unimportant areas where the use of the PLANE TABLE is impracticable and the su... more A substitute for PLANE TABLE TRAVERSE for short distances in unimportant areas where the use of the PLANE TABLE is impracticable and the survey party operates in a LAUNCH. AZIMUTH is carried forward by means of angles accurately measured with a SEXTANT. Distance is determined by measuring, also with the SEXTANT, the small horizontal angle between fixed TARGETS on a special rod held horizontally. The angle may be converted into a distance by means of a HYPSOGRAPH.	在无法使用平板仪的一般区域，用以代替短距离平板仪导线的一种测量方法。测量员在汽艇上作业，用六分仪精确测角的方法进行方位角传递。距离也是用六分仪测定的，其方法是观测一个水平放置的特制标杆上俩固定目标间的小水平角，再用测高仪把角度转换为距离。
	shade	遮光罩	A coloured glass that can be moved into the LINE OF SIGHT of an optical instrument, such as a SEXTANT, to reduce the intensity of light rea... more A coloured glass that can be moved into the LINE OF SIGHT of an optical instrument, such as a SEXTANT, to reduce the intensity of light reaching the eye. Also calledshade glass. See HORIZON SHADE, and INDEX SHADE.	可以放进光学仪器（如六分仪）视准线，用以减少到达眼睛光强的一种有色玻璃。参见horizon shade（调色镜），index shade（遮光镜）。
	shaded relief	晕渲（阴影）地貌	See ILLUMINATED RELIEF.	由来自一个或多个方向的光线照射来反映地貌的表示方法。以得到三维的地貌效果。也称之为shaded relief。
	shade glass	遮光玻璃	See SHADE.	可以放进光学仪器（如六分仪）视准线，用以减少到达眼睛光强的一种有色玻璃。参见horizon shade（调色镜），index shade（遮光镜）。
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