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Term | 术语 | Definition | 定义 |
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spit | 岬，沙嘴 | A small point of land or narrow SHOAL projecting into a body of water from the SHORE. | 陆地小岬角或从海岸突向水体的窄长浅滩。 |
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splines | 曲线尺，活动曲线规 | Flexible rulers or interpolation algorithm used to draw smooth curves between points when constructing e.g. hyperbolic lattices. | 用于描绘两点间光滑曲线的可变形尺（如绘制双曲线格网时）。 |
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split fix | 四标两角定位 | See FIX. | 在没有适当的中间物标，不能观测三标两角的情况下，通过观测已知位置的四标两角来确定船位。 |
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split line of sounding | 辅助测深线，加密测深线 | A LINE OF SOUNDING run to fill a void when the maximum spacing of principal lines is exceeded. | 主测深线间隔超限时填补空白的测深线。 |
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spoil | 弃土，挖出的泥土和岩石 | MUD, SAND, SILT or other DEPOSIT obtained from the BOTTOM of a CHANNEL or HARBOUR by dredging. | 疏浚工程中从航道或港湾的水底挖出的泥、沙、淤泥或其它沉积物。 |
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spoil banks | 弃（废）土堆 | Submerged accumulations of dumped material dredged from CHANNELS or HARBOURS. | 从水道或港湾疏浚出的水下堆积抛弃物。 |
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spoil ground | （垃圾）倾倒区，抛泥区 | A sea area where dredged material is deposited. See also DUMPING GROUND. | 堆积疏浚物质的海中区域。亦见dumping ground（弃泥区）。 |
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spoil ground buoy | 倾倒区浮标 | A BUOY marking the limit of a SPOIL GROUND. | 指示倾倒区界限的浮标。 |
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spot elevation | 高程点，高程注记 | A point on a MAP or CHART whose ELEVATION is noted. It is usually indicated by a dot accompanied by a number indicating the vertical distan... more | 地图或海图上标注高程的点。一般用小圆点表示，并注出该点自参考基准面起算的垂直距离数值。高程点主要用于指示比其周围地面高的点位。亦称spot height。 |
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spot height | 点位高程 | See SPOT ELEVATION. | 地图或海图上注记高程的点。一般用小圆点表示，并注出该点自参考基准面起算的垂直距离数值。高程点主要用于指示比其周围地面高的点位。 |
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spout | 龙卷风 | Phenomenon consisting of an often violent WHIRLWIND, revealed by the presence of a cloud column or inverted cloud cone (funnel cloud), prot... more | 由猛烈旋风构成的天气现象，呈现出云柱或倒置的圆锥云形，自积雨云底部出现，或自一种由海面升起的水滴或地面升起的尘埃、沙粒及碎屑组成 “套筒”的底部。 |
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spray | 浪花，水花 | Ensemble of water droplets torn by the WIND from the surface of an extensive body of water, generally from the CRESTS of WAVES, and carried... more | 被风自广阔水体表面刮出的大量水滴，经常从波峰上刮起，将水滴向上抛掷一段距离。 |
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spring | 大潮；（源）泉 | SPRING TIDE. A natural issue of water or other substances from the EARTH. One on the BOTTOM of the SEA is called a submarine spring. | 大潮。水或其它物质从地面自然涌出，发生在海底者称海底泉。 |
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spring high water | 大潮高潮 | See MEAN HIGH WATER SPRINGS. | 大潮高潮的平均高度。亦称spring high water。 |
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spring low water | 大潮低潮 | See MEAN LOW WATER SPRINGS. | 大潮低潮的平均高度。在某些区域这个水平面用作潮高基准面。亦称spring low water。 |
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spring range | （平均）大潮差 | The mean semidiurnal RANGE OF TIDE when SPRING TIDES are occurring. The mean difference in HEIGHT between MEAN HIGH WATER SPRINGS and MEAN ... more | 大潮发生时的平均半日潮差。即平均大潮高潮和平均大潮低潮间的平均高差。亦称mean spring range。 |
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spring rise | 大潮升 | See MEAN SPRING RISE. | 在海图基准面上平均大潮高潮的高度。亦称spring rise。 |
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spring tide(s) | 大潮 | See TIDE. | 在接近满月和新月时间所发生的范围较大的潮汐。 |
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spur | 悬崖，山嘴，支脉 | A subordinate ELEVATION, RIDGE or RISE projecting outward from a larger feature. | 自较大地形特征向外凸出的次级高地、山脊或海隆。 |
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squall | 飑 | Atmospheric phenomenon characterized by a very large variation of wind speed: it begins suddenly, has a duration of the order of minutes, a... more | 以风速剧变为特征的大气现象。这种强风突然发生，持续数分钟，突然速度减小。常伴有阵雨或雷暴。 |