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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	elevation	高程	(1) The vertical distance of a POINT or a LEVEL, on the surface of the EARTH, measured from a specified vertical DATUM usually MEAN SEA LEVE... more (1) The vertical distance of a POINT or a LEVEL, on the surface of the EARTH, measured from a specified vertical DATUM usually MEAN SEA LEVEL. The term elevation is sometimes confused with ALTITUDE. For paper NAUTICAL CHARTS, this term is often synonymous with HEIGHT. (2) For navigational lights, such as lighthouses, the vertical distance of the focal point of the light measured from a specified vertical DATUM. (3) An area higher than its surroundings, as a hill.	1、地球表面一点或者水平面到特定基准面（通常是平均海平面）的垂直距离。术语高程在某些时候易与高度混淆。对于纸海图该术语经常与高度同义。2、对于航标灯，例如灯塔，指灯光中心到一个特定的基准的垂直距离。3、高地：高度高于周围地形的区域，例如高山。
	elevation: angle of	NULL	See ANGLE OF ELEVATION.	NULL
	elevation: barometric	气压高程	An ELEVATION determined with a BAROMETER.	通过气压计获得的高程。
	elevation of sight	视线高程	Also called height of eye. The visibility distances are relevant with the elevation of the observer's sight. When measuring a long distance ... more Also called height of eye. The visibility distances are relevant with the elevation of the observer's sight. When measuring a long distance by optics a line of sight should be maintained over the convex curvature of the earth and all obstacles between the measuring points.	也称之为height of eye（眼睛高度）。观测的可见距离与观测者视线高程有关。当利用光学仪器测量一段长距离时，视线应该保持在地球凸曲率和测量点之间所有障碍物之上。
	elevation tints	高程分层设色	See HYPSOMETRIC TINTS.	参见hypsometric tints（高程分层着色）。
	ellipse	椭圆	A plane curve constituting the locus of all points the sum of whose distances from two fixed points, called foci, is constant. Also used to ... more A plane curve constituting the locus of all points the sum of whose distances from two fixed points, called foci, is constant. Also used to characterize errors in positions and measurements.	平面上到两定点（焦点）的距离之和为恒量的点的轨迹。也用于描述定位和测量中的误差。
	ellipsoid of reference	参考椭球体	See REFERENCE SPHEROID.	参见reference spheroid（参考椭球）。
	ellipsoid of revolution (or rotation)	旋转椭球体	A simple mathematical surface which best approximates the shape of the EARTH. It is the surface generated by an ellipse revolving about one ... more A simple mathematical surface which best approximates the shape of the EARTH. It is the surface generated by an ellipse revolving about one of its AXES. See also SPHEROID: OBLATE, SPHEROID: PROLATE and REFERENCE SPHEROID.	一种简单的数学表面，非常接近于地球的形状。它由椭圆围绕其一个轴旋转生成。又见oblate spheroid（扁球体）、prolate spheroid（长球体）和reference spheroid（参考椭球体）。
	ellipticity of an ellipse	椭圆扁率	The ratio between the difference in length of the semi-axes of an ellipse and its semi-major axis.	椭圆长、短半轴之差与长半轴的比值。
	ellipticity of the spheroid	椭球扁率	See FLATTENING OF THE EARTH.	参见flattening of the earth（地球扁率）。未见flattening of the earth。
	elongation	距角；大距	The ANGULAR DISTANCE of a body of the SOLAR SYSTEM from the SUN. The angle at the EARTH between lines to the SUN and another CELESTIAL BODY ... more The ANGULAR DISTANCE of a body of the SOLAR SYSTEM from the SUN. The angle at the EARTH between lines to the SUN and another CELESTIAL BODY of the SOLAR SYSTEM. The term is usually used in connection with INFERIOR PLANETS. The greatest elongation of such a body is its maximum ANGULAR DISTANCE from the SUN, as observed from the EARTH. The position of a STAR when its AZIMUTH east or west of the MERIDIAN is greatest.	太阳系中天体距太阳的角距离。指在地球上某一点到太阳的视线和到太阳系中其它天体视线的夹角。该术语通常与内行星一同使用。天体最大距角是从地球上观察其距太阳的最大角距。恒星处于观察子午线以东或以西最大方位时的位置。
	embankment	防水堤，筑堤	An artificial ELEVATION composed of EARTH, STONE, etc. to hold back water.	由泥土、石头组成的人造高地，用来阻挡水流。
	embayment	开阔湾，海湾	An INDENTATION in a SHORELINE forming an open BAY.	海岸线凹入陆地形成的开阔海湾。
	emergent nodal point	后节点	See NODAL POINT.	参见nodal point（节点）。
	emulsion	乳剂，感光乳剂	In PHOTOGRAPHY, a suspension of a salt of silver in gelatine or collodion, used to coat PLATES, films, or papers.	在摄影中，指卤化银分散在明胶或者棉胶中而形成的乳液，用于涂在底片、胶片或像纸上。
	enamelled plate	搪瓷平板	In CARTOGRAPHY, enamelled working surface (normally white), on aluminium, zinc or other dimensionally stable medium. Used to prepare colour ... more In CARTOGRAPHY, enamelled working surface (normally white), on aluminium, zinc or other dimensionally stable medium. Used to prepare colour separation originals.	在制图时位于铝、锌或者其它形状稳定的介质上的搪瓷工作面。用于准备分色原型。
	enclosed sea	内海	A gulf, basin, or sea surrounded by two or more States and connected to another sea or the ocean.	被两个或者多个国家包围，但有狭窄水道与海洋相通的海湾、水域或者海。
	end lap	前后重叠，航向重叠	See OVERLAP.	参见overlap（重叠）。
	energy: radiant	辐射能	Energy transmitted by RADIATION.	以辐射形式发射的能量。
	engraving	雕刻；雕版印刷品	The act, process or art of cutting or etching designs or letters on metal plates, wooden blocks, etc. for printing. Any printed impression m... more The act, process or art of cutting or etching designs or letters on metal plates, wooden blocks, etc. for printing. Any printed impression made from an engraved surface.	在金属平板、木板等上面切割或者蚀刻图案或者字母的行为、过程或者艺术，以用于印刷。由雕版印刷得到印刷品。
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