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Term | 术语 | Definition | 定义 |
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erecting eyepiece | 正像目镜
| See EYEPIECE. | 一种包含辅助的由一个或者两个透镜组成的二次成像系统的目镜，在主像到达目镜前二次成像系统将其倒置。现在此设备已经废弃，主像的倒置由棱镜系统完成。也称之为inverting eyepiece（倒像目镜）。 |
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erg | 尔格
| The unit of energy or work in the CGS SYSTEM. | 在厘米-克-秒制系统中功或者能量的单位。 |
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erosion | 侵蚀
| The general process of the wearing away of ROCKS and SOIL at the EARTH's surface by natural agencies. | 在自然界外力作用下地球表面的岩石和土壤逐步磨损的过程。 |
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error | 误差
| Difference between a measured value and the correct or true value. Errors can be categorised as systematic or random errors. | 某一量观测值或者计算值与其真值的差。 |
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error: absolute | 绝对误差
| Absolute deviation (the value taken without regard to sign) from the corresponding true value. | 相对于真值的绝对偏差（无需表示正负）。 |
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error: accidental | 偶然误差
| Noise within a measurement caused by factors which vary between measurements and cannot be controlled but can be quantified by statistical m... more | 一种遵循随机定律的误差。也叫随机误差（random error ）。 |
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error: clamping | 夹紧误差
| A SYSTEMATIC ERROR in OBSERVATIONS made with a REPEATING THEODOLITE caused by strains set up by the clamping devices of the instrument. | 使用复测经纬仪观测中，用仪器的固定装置固定时所产生的系统误差。 |
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error: closing | 闭合差
| See ERROR OF CLOSURE. | 参见error of closure（闭合差）。 |
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error: constant | 常差；固定误差
| A SYSTEMATIC ERROR which is the same in both magnitude and sign through a given series of OBSERVATIONS. | 一系列给定观测中的大小和符号均相同的系统误差。 |
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error: external | 外部误差
| See ERROR: THEORETICAL. | 参见theoretical error（理论误差）。 |
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error: Gaussin | 高斯误差，磁罗经自差
| DEVIATION of a MAGNETIC COMPASS due to TRANSIENT MAGNETISM which remains in a vessel's structure for short periods after the inducing force ... more | 在感应力消失后的一个短暂时间内，船体结构内仍然存在的非永久磁性，磁罗经由于这种非永久性磁性引起的临时自差称之为高斯误差。这种自差一般在船舶以同一航向航行相当长一段时间后产生。 |
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error: gross | 粗差
| The result of carelessness or a mistake; may be detected through repetition of the measurement. Also called blunder. | 由于粗心或者错误导致的结果；可通过重复测量检测。也称为blunder（粗差，误差）。 |
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error: heeling | （罗经）倾斜自差
| The change in the DEVIATION of a MAGNETIC COMPASS when a craft heels, due to the change in the position of the magnetic influences of the cr... more | 磁罗经在船只倾斜时所出现的自差变化。这种变化是由于船只的磁效应相对地磁场及罗经的位置改变所引起的。 |
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error: index | 指标差
| The INSTRUMENTAL ERROR which is constant and attributable to displacement of a VERNIER or some analogous effect. | 由于游标移位或某种类似的影响而使仪器产生的固定误差。 |
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error: instrumental (or instrument) | NULL | A SYSTEMATIC ERROR resulting from imperfections in, or faulty ADJUSTMENT of, instruments or devices used. | NULL |
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error: irregular | 偶然误差
| See ERROR: ACCIDENTAL. | 参见accidental error（偶然误差）。 |
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error: mean square | NULL | The quantity whose square is equal to the sum of the squares of the individual ERRORS divided by the number of those ERRORS. | NULL |
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error: parallactic | 视差误差
| An ERROR caused by personal or instrumental PARALLAX. | 由人为或仪器视差引起的误差。 |
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error: periodic | 周期误差
| An ERROR whose AMPLITUDE and direction vary systematically with time. | 幅度和方向有规则地随时间而变化的误差。 |
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error: personal | （个）人（误）差
| The result of the inability of an observer to perceive dimensional values exactly. Personal errors may be either random or systematic in beh... more | 观测者不能准确感知尺寸值的结果。人差在观测中可能是随机的，也可能是规则的。亦见personal equation（个人观测误差）。 |