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Term | 术语 | Definition | 定义 |
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astronomy: nautical (or navigational) | NULL | ASTRONOMY as applied to NAVIGATION. | NULL |
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atlas | 地图集
| A collection of CHARTS or MAPS to be kept (loose or bound) in a volume. | 构成（零散或装订）卷册的海图或地图的集合。 |
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atmosphere | 大气
| Gaseous envelope which surrounds the EARTH. The gaseous envelope surrounding any STAR, PLANET, etc. A unit of pressure, equal to the pressur... more | 包围地球的气圈。
包围任何恒星、行星等的气圈。
当重力加速度等于980.665（厘米每平方秒），大气温度为0℃时，一个单位气压等于760毫米高的水银柱所产生的压力。 |
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atmosphere: free | 自由大气
| That part of the ATMOSPHERE above the FRICTION LAYER, in which the air motion is affected to a negligible degree by surface friction. | 指地表边界层以上的大气部分。在自由大气中，空气运动受地表摩擦力的影响可以忽略不计。 |
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atmosphere: ICAO | NULL | STANDARD ATMOSPHERE adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Its main features are mean sea-level pressure of 1013.2... more | NULL |
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atmosphere: standard | 标准大气 | Conventional reference atmosphere, chosen to represent in a simple way the approximate average condition in the VERTICAL. | 一种常用的基准大气，用来以简便方式概略地表示垂直方向的平均气压状况。 |
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atmospheric | 天电
| ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE resulting from an electric discharge (LIGHTNING) in the ATMOSPHERE. | 大气放电（闪电）产生的电磁波。 |
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atmospheric drag | 大气阻力
| A major perturbation of close artificial satellite orbits by the resistance of the atmosphere. | 由于大气阻力而造成近地人造卫星的轨道摄动。 |
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atmospheric pressure | 大气压力
| See PRESSURE. | 由大气重力产生的作用于任何表面的压力（每单位面积压力），其值等于单位表面积上的垂直空气柱（一直延伸到大气层最上端）的重量。 |
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atmospheric refraction | 大气折射
| See REFRACTION. | 辐射能射线斜穿过大气层时发生的折射，如果射线由外太空进入大气层，则称为大气折射。如果射线由地球表面或附近的某点发出的，则称为地面折射。 |
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atmospheric window | 大气窗口
| The region in the radiation spectrum containing wavelengths between 8.5 and 11 micrometers, which are not absorbed to any great extent by at... more | 辐射光谱中波长在8.5至11微米之间的光谱区域，处于这个区域的光谱被大气吸收较少。在没有云的情况下，这种波长的地面辐射在空间中散失，从而使地球发生冷却。其他一些更窄的波段也不吸收长波辐射，但这些在此不太重要。 |
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atoll | 环状珊瑚岛
| A coral ISLAND consisting of a ring-shaped REEF nearly or entirely surrounding a central LAGOON. | 接近或完全围绕泻湖的环形礁组成的岛屿。 |
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atom | 原子
| The smallest particle of an element which can enter into a chemical combination. | 参与化学反应的元素的最小粒子。 |
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atomic clock | 原子钟
| See CLOCK. | 一种依靠原子系统（如原子束）自然振动频率来控制电子振荡器进行工作的精密时钟。结合两个或更多放射性核素可用于确定时间间隔。 |
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Atomic Time: International | NULL | The time reference coordinate established by the Bureau International de l'Heure on the basis of atomic clocks. | NULL |
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attenuation | 衰减
| A lessening in amount, particularly the reduction of the AMPLITUDE of a WAVE or the intensity of light or SOUND with distance from the origi... more | 一种总量的减少，特别是随距光源或声源距离增加，光波或声波振幅或强度减小。 |
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audiofrequency | 音频
| A FREQUENCY within the audible RANGE, about 20 to 20.000 CYCLES per SECOND. Also called sonic frequency. | 在可听范围内的频率，大约是20-20000赫兹。也称作声频（sonic frequency）。 |
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aurora | 极光
| Luminous PHENOMENON which appears in the high ATMOSPHERE, mainly in high LATITUDES, in the form of RAYS, arcs, bands, draperies, or CORONA. ... more | 主要在高纬度地区的高空出现的发光现象，一般呈放射状、弧状、带状、幕状或冕状等形式出现。 |
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aurora australis | 南极光
| AURORA of the southern hemisphere. | 南半球出现的极光。 |
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aurora borealis | 北极光
| AURORA of the northern hemisphere. | 北半球出现的极光。 |