Chinese English

In ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION, the amount of delay in TIME or PHASE ANGLE introduced by the resi­stivity of the GROUND over which the SIGNAL is pas­sing. In tide terminology, DAILY RETARDATION.

A system of wires, hairs, threa­ds, etched lines, or the like, placed normal to the AXIS of a TELESCOPE at its principal FOCUS, by means of which the TELESCOPE is sighted on a STAR, SIGNAL, or TARGET, or by means of which appropriate readings are made on some SCALE, such as a LEVELLING or STADIA ROD. See also CROSS WIRES, GRATICULE, DIA­PHRAGM. In PHOTOGRAMMETRY, a mark such as a cross or system of lines lying in the image plane of a viewing apparatus and used singly as a refer­ence mark in certain types of monocular instruments or as one of a pair to form a FLOATING MARK as in certain types of STEREOSCOPES.

设置在望远镜主焦面并垂直于其轴线的“十”字形网线，由金属丝、毛发、丝线或刻线等制成。利用十字丝，可使望远镜对准星体、觇标、目标，或者用其照准水准尺及测距尺上的刻度进行读数。亦见cross wires（十字丝）、 graticule（十字丝）和diaphragm（光圈）。 在摄影测量中，指观测装置像平面上的十字或线系统的标记，在某些单目镜仪器中用来作为基准标记或者在某些立视镜中类型中用一对中的一个来形成浮动标记。

The ring across which the system of wires, hairs, threads, or the like of a RETICLE are stretched; or the ring which supports the glass DIAPHRAGM when the RETICLE is a system of lines etched on glass.

A LINE OF POSITION which has been moved backward along the COURSE line to correspond with a TIME previous to that at which the line was established. Called a transferred position line in British terminology.

Continuation of RADIANT ENERGY, par­ticularly SOUND by multiple REFLECTION. SOUND scattered towards the source, principally from the ocean surface (surface reverberation) or BOTTOM (bottom reverberation), and from small scattering sources in the medium such as bubbles of air and sus­pended solid matter (volume reverbera­tion).

一种特制采水器，用于深海海水采样。这种采水器用绳索放入海水，在所需深度时关闭且不漏水，通过信号发生器还可向下放线触发颠倒装置，使采水器翻倒。这样，采集的水样就不会被较浅处的海水“污染”，或当提至船舷时泄漏。颠倒采水器上附有颠倒温度计。参见ekman bottle（埃克曼式颠倒采水器）和nansen bottle（南生采水器）。 

Facing of stone or other material, either permanent or temporary, placed along the edge of a stream to stabilize the bank and to protect it from the erosive action of the stream.

Motion of a CELESTIAL BODY in its ORBIT; circular motion about an AXIS usually external to the body. The terms revolution and ROTATION are often used interchangeably but, with reference to the motions of a CELESTIAL BODY, revolution refers to the motion in an ORBIT or about an AXIS external to the body, while ROTATION refers to motion about an AXIS within the body. Thus, the EARTH revolves about the SUN annually and rotates about its AXIS daily.

A line on the surface of the EARTH making the same oblique angle with all MERIDIANS; a LOXODROME spiralling toward the POLES in a constant true direc­tion. PARALLELS and MERIDIANS, which also maintain constant true directions, may be considered special cases of the rhumb line. A rhumb line is a straight line on a MERCATOR PROJECTION. Sometimes shortened to rhumb.