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Term | 术语 | Definition | 定义 |
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pendulum: working | 工作摆
| A PENDULUM which is used (swung) in a determination of the INTENSITY OF GRAVITY. | 一种用于测定重力强度的摆。 |
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pendulum sextant | 锤摆六分仪，摆动六分仪
| See SEXTANT. | 装有摆锤以指示水平的六分仪。 |
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peninsula | 半岛
| A piece of LAND that is almost an ISLAND, being nearly surrounded by water; by extension any piece of LAND projecting into the SEA, so that ... more | 近似岛屿的陆地，几乎被水包围；伸向海中的陆地，其边界大部分是海岸线。 |
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peninsula: submarine | 海底半岛 | An elevated portion of the SUBMARINE RELIEF resembling a PENINSULA. The opposite is SAC. | 近似半岛的海底高地。与之相反的是sac（海底湾）。 |
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perch | 标杆，杆
| A staff placed on top of a BUOY, ROCK, or SHOAL as a MARK for navigators. A ball or cage is sometimes placed at the top of the perch, as an ... more | 作为导航标志，插在浮标顶部、礁石或浅滩上的标尺。标杆顶部有时放置一个球形或罐形物作为识别标志。
等于5.5码或16.5英尺的长度单位。亦称rod（杆），pole（测杆）。 |
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percolation | 渗透法；渗透
| The process by which water is forced by wave action through the interstices of the bottom sediment and has a tendency to reduce WAVE HEIGHT... more | 在波浪作用下，海水向海底沉积物间隙流动的过程，该过程对波高有降低的作用。 |
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perigean range (of tide) | 近地点潮差
| The average of all monthly TIDE RANGES occurring at the TIME of PERIGEE. It is larger than the MEAN RANGE, where the TYPE OF TIDE is either ... more | 发生在近地点时刻的各月潮差平均值。近地点潮差比平均潮差大，其潮汐类型为半日潮或混合潮。如果其潮汐类型是全日潮，则没有任何实际意义。 |
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perigean tides | 近地点潮
| See TIDE. | 参见tide（潮汐）。 |
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perigee | 近地点
| That orbital point nearest the EARTH when the EARTH is the centre of attraction, as opposed to APOGEE. | 当地球为引力中心时，距地球最近的轨道点。反之为apogee（远地点）。 |
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perihelion | 近日点
| That orbital point nearest the SUN, when the SUN is the centre of attraction, as opposed to APHELION. | 当太阳为引力中心时，距太阳最近的轨道点。反之为aphelion（远日点）。 |
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period | 周期；时（阶）段
| The interval needed to complete a CYCLE. Any specified duration of time. | 完成一个循环所需要的间隔时间。
任意特定的持续时间。 |
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period (of a navigational light) | （航标灯的）灯光周期
| The TIME taken to exhibit one complete sequence of intervals of light and darkness. | 完整呈现灯光明暗间隔序列所需要的时间。 |
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periodic current | 周期电流
| See CURRENT. | 电流值以规律间隔重现的振荡电流。 |
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periodic error | 周期误差
| See ERROR. | 幅度和方向有规则地随时间而变化的误差。 |
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periodic wave(s) | 周期波
| See WAVE. | 以固定间隔重复的波。 |
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peripheral equipment | 外围设备
| In computer systems, any unit of equipment, distinct from the central unit, which may provide the system with outside communication. | 在计算机系统中，指不同于中央处理单元的任何可为系统提供外部通讯的设备单元。 |
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permafrost | 永冻土（层）
| A LAYER of SOIL or BEDROCK at a variable depth beneath the surface of the EARTH in which the temperature has been below freezing continuousl... more | 地球表层下温度持续几年至几千年在零度以下的不同深度的土壤或基岩层。永冻土存在于夏季暑热无法达到的冻土层底层。 |
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permanent current | 稳定海流，恒流 | See CURRENT. | 周期性或季节性变化相对较小的海流。 |
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Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC) | 国际航运会议常设协会
| Fosters progress of inland and maritime waterways, of ports and of coastal areas by research and information exchange. | 通过研究与信息交流，促进内陆、海道、港口和沿海地区进步的国际机构。 |
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permanent magnetism | 永磁性
| See MAGNETISM. | 能够长时期保持磁性且无可感知的减弱的性质，除非受到退磁力影响。因该种磁性消散缓慢，有时称之为subpermanent magnetism（次恒磁）。 |