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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	cosmic radiation	宇宙辐射	RADIATION, of very high energy and great penetrative power, which emanates from cosmic regions.	来自于宇宙区域的高能量和巨大穿透力的辐射。
	cotidal chart	等潮时线图	See CHART.	表示等潮时线的海图。
	cotidal line	等潮时线	A line on a CHART passing through all points where HIGH WATER occurs at the same TIME.	海图上同时发生高潮的各点的连线。
	coulomb	库仑	The unit of electric charge in the SI SYSTEM.	国际标准制系统中的电量单位。
	counter	计数器	An indicator on a machine, for keeping count of turns, strokes, etc., of the machine or its parts.	机器上的一种指示器，用它来计量机器或其某一部件转动、冲击的次数。
	counter current	逆流，反流	A secondary CURRENT setting in a direction opposite to that of a main CURRENT.	流向与主流方向相反的水流。
	course	航向；水道，河流	The intended horizontal direction of travel. It is measured from 0° at the REFERENCE DIRECTION clockwise through 360°; strictly for MARINE N... more The intended horizontal direction of travel. It is measured from 0° at the REFERENCE DIRECTION clockwise through 360°; strictly for MARINE NAVIGATION, the term applies to the direction to be steered, which sometimes differs from the direction intended to be made good over the GROUND (see DRIFT ANGLE). The course is designated as true, magnetic, compass, or grid as the REFERENCE DIRECTION is TRUE, MAGNETIC, COMPASS or GRID NORTH respectively. See COURSE MADE GOOD and TRACK. The channel in which water flows. See also WATERCOURSE.	1.所要行驶的水平方向。从参考方向顺时针从0°到360°量算。在航海中，该术语指实际驾驶方向，有别于航迹相对于地面的方向（参见drift angle（偏航角））。如果参考方向是真北、磁北、罗经北或坐标北方位，则航向也分别是真航向、磁航向、罗盘航向或坐标航向。参见course ma... more 1.所要行驶的水平方向。从参考方向顺时针从0°到360°量算。在航海中，该术语指实际驾驶方向，有别于航迹相对于地面的方向（参见drift angle（偏航角））。如果参考方向是真北、磁北、罗经北或坐标北方位，则航向也分别是真航向、磁航向、罗盘航向或坐标航向。参见course made good （航迹向）和track（航迹）。 2.水流通道。亦可参见watercourse（航道）。
	course: compass	罗经航向	See COURSE.	参见course（航向）。
	course: great circle	NULL	The direction of the GREAT CIRCLE through the point of departure and the destination, expressed as the ANGULAR DISTANCE from a REFERENCE DIR... more The direction of the GREAT CIRCLE through the point of departure and the destination, expressed as the ANGULAR DISTANCE from a REFERENCE DIRECTION, usually north, to the direction of the GREAT CIRCLE. The angle varies from point to point along the GREAT CIRCLE. At the point of departure it is called Initial Great-Circle Course; at the destination it is called Final Great-Circle Course.	NULL
	course: grid	坐标航向	See COURSE.	参见course（航向）。
	course: magnetic	磁航向	See COURSE.	参见course（航向）。
	course: recommended	推荐航线	See TRACK: RECOMMENDED.	参见recommended track（推荐航线）。
	course: true	真航向；水道	See COURSE.	所要行驶的水平方向，以基准方向为0°，顺时针由0°至360°量度。对于海上航行，严格地讲：航向系指实际行驶的方向，它有时与所要行驶的方向有差别。以真北、磁北、罗经北及坐标北为基准方向的航向分别称为真航向、磁航向、罗经航向和坐标航向。亦指流水通道。亦可参见watercourse... more 所要行驶的水平方向，以基准方向为0°，顺时针由0°至360°量度。对于海上航行，严格地讲：航向系指实际行驶的方向，它有时与所要行驶的方向有差别。以真北、磁北、罗经北及坐标北为基准方向的航向分别称为真航向、磁航向、罗经航向和坐标航向。亦指流水通道。亦可参见watercourse（航道）。
	course line	航向线，航线	A LINE OF POSITION approximately parallel to the COURSE.	与航向大体平行的位置线。
	course made good	航迹向	The actual TRACK MADE GOOD over the ground (seabed); the direction of the point of arrival from the point of departure. Course made good is ... more The actual TRACK MADE GOOD over the ground (seabed); the direction of the point of arrival from the point of departure. Course made good is the direction component of the resultant ship's velocity and the water current. Course made good should not be confused with HEADING, or ship's head.	相对于地面（海底）的实际航迹；从出发点到达终点的方向。航迹向是船舶速度和水流综合作用形成的方向，航迹向不应与船艏航向混淆。
	course over ground	对地航向	The direction of the path over the ground actually followed by a vessel. It is normally a somewhat irregular line. This is a misnomer in tha... more The direction of the path over the ground actually followed by a vessel. It is normally a somewhat irregular line. This is a misnomer in that courses are directions steered or intended to be steered through the water with respect to a reference meridian. Also called track over ground.	船舶相对地面的航向，通常是一条不规则航线。一般认为，航向即是以基准子午线为参考的、驶过水域的操舵方向或计划中的操舵方向。亦称为track over ground（对地航迹）。
	course recorder	航向记录器，航迹自动记录仪	A device which makes an automatic record of the HEADINGS of a vessel. See DEAD RECKONING TRACER.	自动记录船舶航向的设备。亦可参见dead reckoning tracer（航迹记录仪）。
	cove	小河口，小海湾	A small BAY.	一种小的海湾。
	coverage	覆盖区，（电波）有效范围	The actual area covered (by CHARTS, PHOTOGRAPHS, etc.). The area controlled by a radiolocation system.	1.海图、影像等实际覆盖的区域。 2.无线电定位系统覆盖的区域。
	covariance	协方差	The arithmetic mean or expected value of the product of the deviations of corresponding values of two variables from their respective mean v... more The arithmetic mean or expected value of the product of the deviations of corresponding values of two variables from their respective mean values.	两个随机变量与各自平均值差的乘积的算术平均值或期望值。
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